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Guide Geologiche / Field trip Guide Books

Per gentile concessione dell'APAT vengono distribuite le 86 Guide Geologiche realizzate dall'APAT - Servizio Difesa del Suolo in occasione del 32° Congresso Geologico Internazionale, tenutosi a Firenze nell'Agosto 2004. Le guide sono in formato PDF e le immagini sono a bassa risoluzione. Per ulteriori informazioni sulle guide e sulla versione stampata con immagini ad alta risoluzione è possibile contattare la Biblioteca dell'APAT.

These guidebooks of field trips planned for the 32nd International Geological Congress (Firenze, Italy, 20-28 August 2004), carried out by relevant geological researchers, were edited and published by APAT. Each guidebook contains a general geological outline of the area studied and a “day by day” field-trip itinerary. References to available papers and geological maps will help geologists who wish to cover again the field-trip in private. In this section you can download the files of guidebooks, which are in .PDF format at a screen-resolution, appropriate for viewing, not suitable for printing. For more informations about the guidebook and to order the paper copies with high-resolution figures, please contact the APAT Library.

Itinerari / Field Trips

Italy, Pre-Congress Italy, During Congress Italy, Post-Congress Mediterranean / India-Pakistan

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B02, B03, B05, B06, B07, B08, B17, B18, B19, B24, B28, B29, B30, B33 D01, D02, D03, D04, D05, D06, D07, D08, D09 P02, P05, P07, P09, P10, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15, P18, P20, P22, P25, P27, P30, P32, P35 BW02, P37, P38, P39, P40, P41, P42, P44, P45, P49, P56, P61, P64, P65, P66, P67, P68, P69, P70, PW01 B01, B04, B10, B12, B14, B15, B16, B21, B22, B26, B31, B32, P01, P03, P33, P36, P52, P53, P54, P55, P60, P71, PR01

Field Trip Guide Books

B01

THE GEOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF CYRENAICA

A.S. El-Hawat & E.O. Abdulsamad

This field trip involves examination of a complete and almost undeformed Cenozoic carbonate succession and associated Cretaceous and Paleocene inliers in a typical Southern Tethyan inversion setting, which is located on the margin of the Northern African plate. The succession ranges in age from the Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene up to the Messinian. The field trip will focus on the sedimentology and biostratigraphy of the succession. The succession exhibits a complete spectrum of carbonate ramp facies complexes that includes bathyal planktonic foraminiferal limestone, outer ramp mudstone clinoforms, and large foraminiferal and coralgal-reefal build-ups as well as oolitic and large foraminiferal shoals to Messinian salina deposits. The sequence of stratigraphic attributes and the impact of the eustatic and tectonic events on sedimentology and biostratigraphy of the succession will be discussed. A visit is planned to the well-preserved ancient city of Cyrene (631 B.C.), where the first Greek settlers came to Northern Africa.

B02

THE SUBDUCTED TETHYS IN THE AOSTA VALLEY (ITALIAN WESTERN ALPS)

S. Martin, G. Godard & G. Rebay

This three-day excursion across the Aosta Valley will present the Piedmont ophiolites (Zermatt-Saas Unit: serpentinites, metagabbros, metabasalts, Mn-rich quartzites, hydrothermal sulphide deposits, metasediments) metamorphosed in the eclogite facies during the Alpine subduction. First, we will cross the Tethys Ocean suture from Europe (Mont Rose) to Adria (Sesia Lanzo and Matterhorn). Then, we will visit some of the most classical outcrops and environments of Alpine geology in the NW Alps: the Saint Marcel Fe-Cu hydrothermal sulphide deposits, the famous Praborna Mn mine, exploited since the 15th century, the Cignana coesite locality and the Valtournanche metagabbros. Attention will focus on the eclogitized ophiolites and hydrothermal oceanic deposits where the high-pressure Alpine metamorphism developed unique mineral assemblages. New data on different geological and historical aspects will be presented.

B03

SINKHOLE’S PHENOMENA IN LAZIO REGION: A LIVE POINT OF VIEW OVER CASE STUDIES

F. Nolasco & A. Colombi

In the past several years in different regions of the world, including Italy, the sinkhole phenomena have become an important geological hazard with a typical scientific physiognomy. The geology, genesis and dynamics of Italian sinkholes are different from other worldwide sinkhole phenomena. The geological features of this field trip will provide a better comprehension of these phenomena, including a general view of some important geological landscapes in the Latium region. Sinkholes have been carefully studied in Europe and in the USA, China and Mexico, while in Italy their study began just a few years ago. Many Italian sinkholes are relevant to urban planning for determining risk case-studies. The most important events of S. Vittorino, Doganella di Ninfa, Leprignano and Marcellina will show how great is the risk to the population and how limited is the knowledge of these phenomena.

B04

Cr-PGE MINERALIZATION, PETROLOGY AND TECTONICS OF THE ALLOCHTHONOUS COMPLEXES OF NW SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

R. Lunar, R. Capote, B.G. Izquierdo, S. Monterrubio, T. Moreno, W. Gibbons, H. Prichard, J. Ignacio, G. Ibarguchi, B. Ábalos, P. Puelles, J.F.S. Zalduegui, C. Meireles, E. Pereira, P.G. Castro, A.A.R. Ribeiro, J.F. Santos & J.M.U. Munhá

The North-Western Iberian Peninsula has an internationally recognized reputation from a petrological, tectonic and mineralogical point of view. The main objectives of this field trip will be: 1) to visit the site of a recently described new type of Cr mineralization with exceptionally high PGE contents, and 2) to analyze and discuss the petrological, geochemical and tectonic processes that produced it. The geological setting of this area represents a unique example of stacked thrusts of varied nature, including what has recently been interpreted as the root of a volcanic arc. In this area it is possible to observe the mantle-crust contact (involving a layered complex with dunites and pyroxenites), fragments of lower crust (of granulite grade), one of the best preserved eclogitic nappes in the world and several ophiolitic slices, all of them emplaced over the Gondwana continental margin during the Variscan orogeny. The field trip will start and finish in Santiago de Compostela (Galicia), the end of the famous Camino de Santiago pilgrim route, with numerous Romanesque churches and important Celtic and Roman archeological ruins.

B05

THE PALEOZOIC BASEMENT THROUGH THE 500 Ma HISTORY OF THE NORTHERN APENNINES

E. Pandeli, F.A. Decandia & M. Tongiorgi

Tuscany represents a unique area, in which the Paleozoic basement and the overlying mostly siliciclastic syn-rift sediments (Verrucano Auctt.) crop out along the whole Apennine Chain. Both of these successions, from continental to marine sedimentary sequences and volcanics, record a series of different events during a long geological time: Eo-Caledonian (Middle Ordovician) tectonics, the Variscan orogenic events (Early-Middle Carboniferous), post-Variscan extension (Late Carboniferous-Early Permian and Alpine rifting (Late Permian-Triassic). In Oligocene times they also experienced polyphase Alpine tectono-metamorphism. This field trip will visit the Paleozoic-Carnian type-successions of the Apuan Alps, Mts. Pisani, Iano, Monticiano- Roccastrada Ridge and the Argentario Promontory. The itinerary will pass through typical Tuscan landscapes (the Versilia coast, lower Arno Valley, Chianti and Siena hills, Maremma) and famous art-filled towns (Pisa and Siena).

B06

GEODIVERSITY IN THE LANDSCAPE OF EMILIA-ROMAGNA (NORTHERN ITALY): GEOSITES IN THE APENNINES BETWEEN MODENA AND REGGIO EMILIA

P. Coratza, G. Tosatti, S. Piacente & M. Pellegrini

This field trip is intended for geomorphologists and geologists with an interest in the conservation and improvement of geological assets (Geosites). This topic will be treated extensively in the field with reference to some of the most relevant examples of geosites that make up the landscape of the Apennine mountains in the diverse, unique provinces of Modena and Reggio Emilia. In particular, geological assets such as mud volcanoes up to 5 m high renowned as “Salse di Nirano”, spectacular cliff-like outcrops of reddish colored ophiolites and the "Pietra di Bismantova", a rock slab geosite, will be visited and presented in a multidisciplinary and cultural perspective. Participants in this field trip will be shown the geological and geomorphological origins and significance of some important geosites. Attention will also be given to all the cultural aspects related to the vicinity of the geosites (the history of the castles and watch-towers built on them, the cultural and economic framework of the geosites, some well-known literary citations, etc). This will provide participants with a feeling for the kind of multidisciplinary approach to the topic, which is believed essential for a proper evaluation of cultural heritages of geological nature and of the relationship between cultural and natural heritages.

B07

QUATERNARY EUSTATIC FLUCTUATIONS AND BIOCHRONOLOGY OF VERTEBRATE-BEARING DEPOSITS CORRELATED WITH MARINE TERRACES IN SICILY

V. Agnesi, L. Bonfiglio, C. Ciurcina, C. Conoscenti, C. Di Maggio, C. Di Patti, G. Mangano, F. Masini, M. Pavia, D. Petruso & U. Spigo

In Sicily a vast paleontological heritage of Pleistocene endemic terrestrial vertebrates is preserved in several caves. Variations in paleogeography caused by tectonics and glacial and eustatic marine cycles have controlled the processes and timing of Pleistocene vertebrate faunal dispersal in Sicily. In recent years new data have given significant contributions to the knowledge of both taphonomic and stratigraphic conditions of the Pleistocene mammal-bearing deposits. Correlation with marine deposits allowed the construction of a fairly detailed biochronological framework. This field trip will illustrate the paleontological and geomorphological evidence of variations in the paleogeography of the island. The Late Pleistocene deposits in the St. Teodoro caves and the remains of thousands of the endemic hippo Hippopotamus pentlandi in the excavation trenches within a lacustrine deposit will be seen at Acquedolci (North-Eastern Sicily). Some mammal-bearing deposits correlated with marine terraces in Eastern and in Western Sicily will be illustrated.

B08

LARGE SCALE GRAVITATIONAL PHENOMENA IN SOUTHERN-CENTRAL ITALY: GEOMORPHOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK, TRIGGERING FACTORS, TEMPORAL EVOLUTION, AND IMPACT ON HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

F. Dramis, A. Prestininzi, G. Fubelli, M. Del Prete, B. Gentili, F.M. Guadagno, P. Sacconi, M.-G. Angeli, F. Bozzano, C. Cencetti, P. Conversini, B. Gentili, G. Pambianchi, F. Pontoni, G. Scarascia Mugnozza & P. Tacconi

This field trip will focus on large-scale landslides and deep-seated gravitational slope deformations greatly affecting urban settlements. A number of towns on unstable ground in Southern–Central Italy (Ferrandina, Pisticci, Craco Sarno, Bisaccia, Calitri, Roccamontepiano, Pescosansonesco, Montelparo, Ancona, Orvieto, Civita di Bagnoregio) will be visited. All the gravitational phenomena will be examined in a geological–geomorphological context, with special reference to predisposing and triggering factors, historical record of past activity phases, and disruptive effects on buildings. The trip will also include several points of general interest, among which: a visit to the archeological area of Pompei, a boat tour along the Adriatic coast between Ancona and Numana, and a stop at the Dunarobba petrified forest (Umbria).

B10

ACTIVE TECTONICS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SECTOR OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA (EAST SPAIN)

P. Silva, P. Alfaro, E. Masana, J.J. Martínez Díaz, T. Bardají, A. Estévez, J.L. Goy, P. Santanach, C. Zazo & K.R. Reicherter

This field trip will examine the Eastern Betic Shear Zone (SE Spain) and the Catalan Coastal Ranges (NE Spain). Neotectonics, tectonic geomorphology and paleoseismicity will be the main topics. The trip will start in Almería, where coastal tectonics related to late Pleistocene marine deposits and landforms will be examined. Sites to be visited deal with Quaternary deformation and paleoseismic features related to the activity of low slip-rate faults in an area with low to moderate instrumental seismicity, but affected by significant (catastrophic) historical and/or pre-historical earthquakes. Some of the selected sites have been the subject of recent fault-trenching analysis. The participants will have a chance to observe tectonic features and landforms linked to reverse, normal and strike-slip faulting, as well as much stratigraphic evidence of past earthquakes.

B12

GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ROMANIAN CARPATHIANS

M.Sandulescu & R.Dimitrescu

This is a general interest field trip which will allow the examination of the geological structure of the Romanian Carpathians, a twice bent folded chain. Precambrian and Paleozoic formations, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary turbiditic (flysch) and/or carbonate formations, alpine ophiolites, pre-alpine and alpine intrusive rocks and Neogene volcanics will be shown. In addition the outer and the inner large and complex overthrust units will be crossed. Paleogeographic and paleotectonic models will be discussed. The historical provinces which will be crossed are: Moldavia, Transylvania, Oltenia and Banat. Of important historical interest are the North Moldavian painted monasteries, the Transylvanian Medieval fortified churches and castles, as well as modern art (Brancussi sculptures).

B13

THE ROLE OF OLISTOSTROMES AND ARGILLE SCAGLIOSE IN THE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF THE NORTHERN APENNINES

G.A. Pini, C.C. Lucente, D.S. Cowan, C.M. De Libero, F. Dellisanti, A. Landuzzi, A. Negri, F. Tateo, M. Del Castello, M. Morrone & L. Cantelli

Highly disrupted and chaotic rock units with a block-in-matrix fabric are one of the most intriguing geological features of the Apennines. This field trip will address the internal structures, fabric and composition of some of the more classic examples in the Northern Apennines. Some of these units, the classic olistostromes, are sedimentary bodies from submarine avalanches and flows of debris, which collapsed from the front of the paleo-Apenninic accretionary wedge into the Oligocene and Miocene foredeeps. The “argille scagliose” of the Ligurian nappe, previously considered chaotic assemblages, have been recently subdivided into mappable bodies of strongly deformed stratigraphic successions (tectonosomes) and olistostromes. The stratal disruption in these bodies is related to gravity mass movements, shallow-level tectonic deformation and mud diapirism. The internal structures, composition and distribution of tectonosomes and olistostromes reflect some features of the paleo-Apenninic accretionary wedge and related foredeeps and can therefore help to reconstruct the paleogeographic and structural evolution of the Apenninic chain.

B14

ALPINE THERMAL GEOLOGY THERMAL WATER UTILIZATION IN SOUTHERN CARINTHIA (AUSTRIAN -ITALIAN BORDER

W. Kollmann, F.W. Marsch & H. Zojer

In the high Alpine regions (> 1,000 m above sea level) the occurrence of thermal springs (> 30 degrees centigrade) is a unique curiosity. Temperature and discharge have been improved using shallow drilling (< 200 m depth). This became possible due to an evaluation of a model-like geological setting. Typically, one finds a sandwich-like geo-structure (e.g. Mesozoic dolomite between basal crystalline basement and overburden schists). This sandwich was built by tectonic nappe transport and is cut by several faults which form the slip on path for deeper thermal water, running from a 1,400 m deep reservoir (calculated by geothermometry).

B15

THE GEOLOGICAL CIRCUIT OF THE FOUR STRUCTURAL DOMAINS: THE RIF, THE MESETA, THE ATLASES, AND THE ANTI-ATLAS

B. Tadili, L. Ait Brahim, A. Chalouan, H. El Hadi, B. Fedan & A. Tahiri

This geological circuit will cover multi-disciplinary aspects (Stratigraphy, Paleontology, Petrography and Tectonics- Geodynamics) and cross great structural domains that record the Panafrican, Precambrian and Alpine (Atlasic and Rifain) Orogenies. The structural domains are as follows: the Anti-Atlas and African Craton with the ophiolitic complex and the Panafrican Orogeny around 685 MA associated with the closing of an ocean and a continental collision (folds, overlapping, magmatic rocks, etc.), the Mesetian domain with the Shoul block that records the Caledonian compression in Morocco, and the Hercynian Orogeny also recorded in the Western part of Europe (folds, overlapping, magmatic rocks, etc.), the Atlasic Domain with intracontinental chains of high and Middle Atlas with rocks dating from Triassic to current, Mesozoic deformation syn and post-rifting, and the elevation of the Neogene relief (folds, faults, slopes, etc.) with the Toubkal mount which culminates at 4,167m, and finally the Rifian Domain, a part of the Mediterranean Alpine chain made up of Paleozoic tectonic and metamorphic nappes (gneiss, kinzigites, etc.) and of ultra-basic rocks (peridotites, etc).

B16

WESTERN PYRENEES FOLD-AND-THRUST-BELT: GEODYNAMICS, SEDIMENTATION AND PLATE BOUNDARY RECONSTRUCTION FROM RIFTING TO INVERSION

R. Bourrouilh, L. Moen-Maurel, J. Muñoz & A. Teixell

Extending from Southern France to Northern Spain, this field trip aims to illustrate the evolution of the suture zone between the Iberian and the European plates from the opening of the Bay of Biscay and associated rift basins to the inversion of the suture zone creating the Pyrenean Fold and-Thrust (FTB) mountain chain. Both the south-verging peripheral foreland basin and the hinterland retro-basin will be investigated. Two North-South transects will be examined, as well as a strike route along the thrust fronts, showing spectacular outcrops of the rift, foredeep and molasse sections and folded series (Western Pyrenees, Mallos de Riglos, Ordesa National Park, Jaca and Ainsa basins...). Special interest will be devoted to rift and foreland basin sedimentation and tectonics, in relation to petroleum geology.

B17

THE PERIADRIATIC INTRUSION OF VEDRETTE DI RIES –RIESERFERNER (EASTERN ALPS): PETROLOGY, EMPLACEMENT MECHANISMS AND CONTACT AUREOLE

B. Cesare, A.M. Fioretti & C. Rosenberg

This field trip will present the results of recent investigations on the Oligocene pluton of Vedrette di Ries (Rieserferner). Located in a beautiful alpine environment, the Vedrette di Ries is the largest Periadriatic intrusion in the Eastern Alps. In the last decade, this pluton has been the subject of multidisciplinary studies which have characterized, on a geochemical, geochronological and structural basis, its multi-stage magmatic history. Research on the structural geology, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, geochronology, and metamorphism of the country rocks has constrained the P-T-t regime of intrusion, and the relationships between pluton emplacement and regional deformation. This field trip will group specialists in the various disciplines related to pluton formation and emplacement, presenting them with an integrated picture of the main petrologic, geochemical, structural and metamorphic features at Vedrette di Ries. Participants will also enjoy the natural attractions and cultural richness of this unique part of Italy.

B18

SKARN DEPOSITS IN SOUTHERN TUSCANY AND ELBA ISLAND (CENTRAL ITALY)

M. Benvenuti, M. Boni & L. Meinert

The skarn deposits of Central Italy are world-famous for the study of metasomatic processes and also as the type locality for many rare and beautiful minerals, such as ilvaite. This two-day field trip will examine outcrop and mine exposures near Valle del Temperino (Southern Tuscany), and Rio Marina and Capo Calamita (Elba island). These areas are also of great historical interest due to many early Etruscan settlements. Visits are planned to archeological sites near Baratti.

B19

THE RECORD OF MESSINIAN EVENTS IN THE NORTHERN APENNINES FOREDEEP BASINS

M. Roveri, A. Landuzzi, M.A. Bassetti, S. Lugli, V. Manzi, F. Ricci Lucchi & G.B. Vai

This field trip deals with the dramatic paleoenviromental changes related to the "Messinian salinity crisis" as recorded by the sedimentary successions of the Northern Apennines. The Romagna Apennines offer a unique opportunity to compare extensive successions developed in different structural and depositional settings, with relevant implications on a Mediterranean scale. The specific topics that will be dealt with during the field trip include the following: the onset of the salinity crisis; the facies characters of the primary evaporites; the resedimented gypsum facies, and their genetic relationships with primary evaporites; the diagenetic transformations of primary and resedimented evaporites; the facies characters and paleoenvironmental meaning of the post-evaporitic siliciclastic deposits; the origin and nature of the pervasive high-frequency cyclicity recorded by Messinian deposits; the role of climate and tectonics in controlling facies development and time-space distribution of the Messinian successions.

B21

ULTRAHIGH AND HIGH PRESSURE ROCKS OF SAXONY

H.-J. Massonne & H.-J. Bautsch

The topic of this excursion is the wide variety of high-pressure and especially ultra-high-pressure rocks in Saxony. These rocks occur in both Variscan crystalline massifs of the Erzgebirge and the Granulitgebirge at the North Western edge of the Bohemian Massif. The excursion group will visit several of the abundant bodies of relatively fresh eclogite, garnet peridotite, garnet pyroxenite and spectacular diamondiferous quartzofeldspathic rocks. The country rocks are a further aim of the field trip. Several types of felsic and basic high-pressure (HP) granulites will be visited in the Granulitgebirge (the type locality of granulites). HP gneisses, HP pegmatites, marbles and skarns will be presented in the Erzgebirge. Participants will certainly also enjoy the historic mining town of Freiberg.

B22

PALEOZOIC OROGENIES IN THE FRENCH MASSIF CENTRAL A CROSS SECTION FROM BÈZIERS TO LYON

M. Faure, P. Ledru, J. M. Lardeaux & P. Matte

The French Massif Central is one of the largest areas exposing pre-Permian rocks deformed and metamorphosed during the Paleozoic tectono-thermal events responsible for the formation of the basement of Middle Europe. This field trip, from Montpellier to Lyon, along a reference cross-section will allow participants to get a general overview of the stack of nappes which form the Southern branch of the Hercynian belt, from unmetamorphosed kilometer-scale recumbent folds to highgrade metamorphic rocks and up to UHP eclogites and granulites. Current hotly debated points on the evolution of the Paleozoic Variscan-Hercynian Belt will be discussed. Namely: mono-orogenic vs poly-orogenic evolution, exhumation of HP/UHP metamorphic rocks, tectonic significance of orogen-oblique NW-SE trending lineations, timing and modalities of switching from compression to extension, relationships between magmatism and tectonics.

B24

LATE QUATERNARY EVOLUTION OF THE PO PLAIN FROM SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DATA: A TRAVERSE FROM THE APENNINES TO THE ADRIATIC SEA

A. Amorosi, U. Cibin, P. Severi, M. Stefani, G. Gabbianelli, U. Simeoni & S. Vincenzi

This excursion will focus on the sequence-stratigraphic architecture and on G.I.S.-assisted geological mapping of late Quaternary continental and marine sediments in the South-Eastern portion of the Apennine Foredeep (Po Basin, Emilia- Romagna Region, Northern Italy). The trip will be aimed at an understanding of the dramatic environmental evolution leading from the last glacial climax to the present-day temperate, strongly anthropogenic conditions. The sedimentary bodies and the erosional terraces visible in the piedmont belt are evidence of the evolution from the cold-climate Würmian depositional systems to the modern anthropogenic environments, while the outcropping and subsurface sediments from the Po Delta area record the coeval, widespread eustatic-driven transpression, followed by a large highstand progradation, taking place over the last 5,000 yrs and recording further high frequency paleoclimatic fluctuations.

B26

NEOTECTONIC TRANSECT MOESIA-APULIA

I. Mariolakos, I. Zagorchev, I. Fountoulis & M. Ivanov

This field trip aims at demonstrating basic features of the neotectonic structure and deformation along a transect from the Moesian to the Apulian platform, through the mountain chains of the Balkanides and Hellenides. The trip will give a comprehensive idea about the Alpine geodynamics of the Balkan Peninsula, and largely coincides with Transect II of the TRANSMED Project. Emphasis will also be placed on seismic and geotechnical hazards, the geological heritage and its conservation, and on the archeological, cultural and historic heritage and geomythology. The field trip will include important natural, cultural and historic monuments such as the Vrachanski Balkan, Rila and Pirin national parks, the Rila Monastery, numerous ancient and medieval towns and monuments (Plovdiv, Hisar, Melnik,Thessaloniki, Vergina, Ioannina), the monastic rock complex of Meteora, and many others.

B28

THE NEAPOLITAN ACTIVE VOLCANOES (VESUVIO, CAMPI FLEGREI, ISCHIA): SCIENCE AND IMPACT ON HUMAN LIFE

G. Orsi, S. De Vita, M.A. Di Vito, R. Isaia, D. Andronico, R. Avino, R. Brown, S. Caliro, G. Chiodini, R. Cioni, L. Civetta, M. D’Antonio, F. Dell’Erba, P. Fulignati, D. Granieri, L. Gurioli, P. Marianelli, R. Santacroce, A. Sbrana & R.Sulpizio

This field trip will be devoted to illustrating the volcanic and deformational history of the active Neapolitan volcanoes (Somma-Vesuvio, Campi Flegrei, Ischia), and the evolution and present state of their magmatic feeder systems. The trip will provide the opportunity to visit various types of volcanoes such as stratovolcano (Somma-Vesuvio) and caldera (Campi Flegrei, Ischia). Sedimentological, textural and structural features of the rocks as well as the petrological signature of the erupted magmas will be presented and discussed in order to explain the characteristics of the eruptions and their relationship with magma withdrawal dynamics. All three active volcanoes have erupted in historical times and have deeply influenced the life of the inhabitants of the regions. Therefore the trip will also include reviewing archeological, historical and artistic testimonies of such a relationship. The Pompeii and Herculaneum excavations are known worldwide. Other aspects on which we will focus are volcanic hazards and risk, and mitigation actions for volcanic crisis preparedness and management.

B29

THERMO-MECHANICAL EVOLUTION OF THE ALPINE BELT, FROM THE ENGADINE WINDOW TO THE MATTERHORN

G. Gosso, M. Engi, F. Koller, J.M. Lardeaux, R. Oberhaensli & M.I. Spalla

A seven-day field trip over tectonic cross sections (Eastern and Central Alps) fanning across the Alpine belt, with a few high-altitude hiking days, with easier alternatives available as well. Included, along-the-way during the trip will be a halfday field workshop, focused on structural, metamorphic and geochronologic methods of exploiting the full tectonothermal record of crustal orogenic rocks in order to reach consistent interpretations of lithosphere behaviour and geodynamics. The trip is of general interest for viewing the huge imbricate structures of the continental and oceanic crusts in the Pennine mega-suture zone, and of specific interest for the outcrop-scale study of the structural and thermal memory of polymetamorphic tectonites from celebrated Alpine sites. The full range of continental and oceanic protoliths and of their tectonometamorphic derivatives generated during alpine subduction and collision will be thoroughly examined in order to consider how consolidated tectonic blocks and units evolved according to modern interpretations. The excursion crosses numerous sites of historical interest with regard to the civilization of the Alpine area in the recent millenia.

B30

THE NEOGENE THRUST-TOP BASINS IN CENTRAL SICILY AND THE NEOGENE VOLCANISM OF THE NORTHERN MONTI IBLEI IN SOUTH-EASTERN SICILY

R.W.H. Butler, M. Grasso & R. Maniscalco

During the first and second day of this field excursion we will examine the tectonic and climatic signals in active sedimentary basins. We will concentrate on the interactions between deposition, base-level variations and deformation as recorded by late Miocene to Quaternary sediments that accumulated across, and adjacent to active thrust structures. The field trip follows a transect through the Maghrebian structures of central Sicily and will be of interest to a wide range of sedimentologists and structural geologists together with paleoclimatologists/paleoenvironmentalists interested in the Neogene record in the Mediterranean. The third and fourth days will focus on the volcanic, geochemical and geodynamic evolution of the Northern Iblean Plateau (Southeast Sicily) from the Miocene to the present. Emphasis will be on: 1) Systematic chemical evolution from early nephelinites through voluminous tholeiites to late alkali basalts and nephelinites; 2) Contrasting emplacement mechanisms: subaerial, land-to sea transition, deeper water volcanism; 3) Large variety of pyroclastic and hydroclastic deposits, submarine volcanic delta and debris flow deposits.

B31

CADOMIAN OROGENIC IMPRINTS IN THE BOHEMIAN MASSIF (AUSTRIA, THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND GERMANY)

G. Zulauf, J. Fiala, F. Finger & U. Linnemann

During the past decade it has widely been accepted that the Avalonian-Cadomian belt results from Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic Andean-type orogeny, that was active at the northern margin of Gondwana. This belt fell into microplates that collided with Laurentia or Baltica during the Caledonian/Variscan cycle. Central and southwestern Europe consists of these peri-Gondwanan microplates, and several attempts have been made to reconstruct the Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic distribution of them with respect to the West African and Amazonian Cratons. However, as robust paleomagnetic and other quantitative data are largely lacking, these reconstructions are still speculative and need further confirmation. This field trip through the Bohemian Massif will show unique outcrops where Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic (Cadomian) orogenic imprints are well documented. Participants will find rocks of both the Avalonia and Armorica microplates, the geodynamic evolution and plate-tectonic reconstruction of which will be discussed. Of particular interest is the center of the Bohemian Massif (Tepla-Barrandian unit) where tilted crustal sections are indicated by striking metamorphic isograds (biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite). Along these sections Cadomian deformation, metamorphism, and igneous activity can be studied at different structural levels, the latter ranging from the upper to the lower crust.

B32

EXHUMATION OF HIGH-PRESSURE METAMORPHIC ROCKS WITHIN AN ACTIVE CONVERGENT MARGIN, CRETE, GREECE: A FIELD GUIDE

J.M. Rahl, C. Fassoulas & M.T. Brandon

This field trip will focus on the exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks exposed in central and western Crete, Greece. Excellent exposures of Miocene high-pressure rocks will provide an opportunity to discuss how erosion, brittle deformation, and ductile deformation contribute to exhumation within the convergent wedge overlying the Hellenic subduction zone. In addition to the deformed basement rocks, the trip will focus on normal faulting and the development of syntectonic sedimentary deposits. Furthermore, the trip will examine the tectonic geomorphology associated with the ongoing deformation in Crete, including active fault scarps and the rapid incision of several spectacular gorges. The trip will also include a hike through the Samaria Gorge, which will provide beautiful mountain scenery, excellent exposures of the high-pressure rocks, and an opportunity to discuss the relationship between tectonic uplift and river incision.

B33

THE CONTROL OF THE MESOZOIC PALEOMARGIN ARCHITECTURE ON THE PLIOCENE OROGENIC SYSTEM OF THE CENTRAL APENNINE

F. Calamita, M. Di Vincenzo, V. Scisciani, E. Tavarnelli, & M. Viandante

The outer zones of the Central Apennines of Italy represent, due to good outcrop continuity and high vertical relief, a well exposed foreland fold-and-thrust belt. Salient geometries of the thrust fronts represent a peculiar feature of the chain. These appear controlled by the distribution of Mesozoic carbonate platforms and pelagic basins differentiated during Triassic- Jurassic Tethyan rifting. The stratigraphic section, and the relationships between tectonics and sedimentation are well documented in the numerous foredeep and thrust-top basins, developed in response to the eastward migration of the Neogene thrust fronts. The proposed field trip will focus on the main geological and structural characteristics of the Central Apennines, and will show the role played by pre-thrusting normal faults of Mesozoic and Miocene ages, produced as a consequence of rifting and foreland flexure respectively, during the subsequent evolution of the fold-and-thrust belt.

BW02

EXTRUSIVE CARBONATITES AND THEIR MEANING: THE CASE OF ITALY

F. Stoppa, G. Rosatelli, G. Vichi & C. Principe

The field workshop will focus on the Pleistocene extrusive carbonatites occurring in the Intramontane Ultralkaline Province (IUP) of Italy: S. Venanzo, Polino, Cupaello, Oricola and Vulture. It will be an opportunity to see these crucial rocks and to discuss the latest scientific progress in this field. This workshop will start and end in Florence.

D01

SIENA (CENTRAL ITALY): URBAN GEOLOGY, ART AND HISTORY OF A MEDIEVAL HILLTOP TOWN AND ITS BOTTINI (UNDERGROUND AQUEDUCT) AND MONUMENTAL FOUNTAINS

A. Costantini & I.P. Martini

Siena is one of the best-preserved medieval towns of Tuscany. It is located on a hilltop of porous shoreface Pliocene sands surrounded by offshore clays. Siena became an important town in early medieval times (1100-1500 AD) because it was located on a major "pilgrim" road to Rome - Via Francigena. It suffered from a lack of readily available water and continuous conflicts with neighbouring Florence. The city built a 25km-long network of underground tunnels (the "Bottini"; aqueduct), which collected water from small springs and brought it to public fountains and wells inside the walled town. The field trip will show, in outcrops and underground (a rare opportunity to visit the Bottini), a complete sedimentological shoreface succession from offshore clays, to shoreface fossiliferous sands and gravels, to lagoonal deposits, and how the magnificent engineering structure of the underground aqueduct was built with primitive tools. We will also visit monumental fountains and other edifices throughout the town.

D02

KARST AND PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF THE SIENA AREA (CENTRAL ITALY)

G. Biancardi, L. Dallai, D. Manganelli,V. Pascucci & R. Tracchini

This field trip is dedicated to the analysis of some karsts features near Siena, which possibly developed during the last ice age in Triassic limestone (Calcare Cavernoso). These limestones crop out North-East of Siena (Mt Maggio). Several relatively small lakes have formed in karst depressions in the area. The lakes allowed the establishment of several communities since the Iron Age (Villanovian) and represented an important economic asset during the Middle Ages. Villages such as Monteriggioni, Abbadia Isola, and S. Leonardo al Lago developed owing to the presence of these lakes. Most of these lakes were drained artificially in the late 17th century and the economy, landscape and climate of the Siena area changed drastically. The field trip will visit some of the best caves and other karst features of the area, the last lake to be drained (Pian del Lago), its drainage system and, finally, two well-preserved fortified medieval villages (Monteriggioni and Abbadia Isola).

D03

FIELD SIGHT NEAR RAPOLANO TERME (SIENA,TUSCANY) - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TECTONICS AND FLUID CIRCULATION

M. Guerra & A. Raschi

This field trip will focus on the relationship between structural features (Rapolano fault, Arbia line) and the circulation of fluids (gas and water) over an area with a thick clay sequence. The concept of the impermeability of the clay sequence will be reviewed and considered on the basis of the key-concepts of “faulted clays”, “fluid pressure”, and “channelling phenomena”. Macroscopic vents of water and gas will be seen penetrating up to hundreds of meters of clay. These observations should be taken into account when dealing with clay basins in applied fields (e.g. as waste repositories).

D04

GEOSCIENCE FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE SAFEGUARD IN FLORENCE

P. Canuti, R. Fanti, P. Malsani & E. Pecchioni

The main objective of this excursion will be to introduce the international scientific community to the main problems that the geosciences face in the preservation of monuments and other cultural heritage sites. Florence offers a wide spectrum of problems to be studied with a multi-disciplinary approach, ranging from geotechnical engineering, engineering geology, structural geology, petrography and mineralogy. The effects of weathering processes on monument preservation and problems concerning restoration work are the main topics that will be discussed in the visit to the historic center of the city. Slope instability conditions associated with landslides and cliff failures will be the aim of the tour of the San Miniato hill, the instability of which was first recognized by Leonardo da Vinci.

D05

WALKING THROUGH DOWNTOWN ROMA. A DISCOVERY TOUR ON THE KEY ROLE OF GEOLOGY IN THE HISTORY AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY

R. Funiciello, G. Giordano, B. Adanti, C. Giampaolo & M. Parotto

The Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, Celian, Capitoline, Palatine, and Aventine hills have been important in the mythology and history of this complex city. The Roman landscape was shaped during the deposition of hundreds of cubic kilometers of volcanic ash and pumice, produced mainly by the Alban Hills volcano, which covered the future site of Rome. These geological features are the setting for the development of Roman culture and civilization. The periphery of the ignimbrite plateau, in proximity to the river, was eroded to form small, isolated hills that were easily adapted for shelter and human settlement. Local climatic and hydrological conditions at the future site of Rome were particularly favorable for rapid incision of the ignimbrite deposits to form valleys along which there are outcrops that allow a glimpse of the geological structure underlying the city. The purpose of this one-day walking itinerary, will be to understand the connection between geology and the city’s evolution from ancient to recent times.

D06

GEOLOGICAL FEATURES AND THE HISTORICAL AND ARTISTIC HERITAGE OF VITERBO, CITY OF POPES, EMPERORS AND THERMOMINERAL WATER

U. Chiocchini, A. Lanconelli & S. Madonna

The city of Viterbo is situated on the northwestern slopes of the Cimini Mountains (Latium Region) and its gently dipping landscape was shaped during the huge, mainly ignimbritic explosive eruption of the Cimini – Vicano Pleistocene volcanic district. This field trip will allow participants to observe the internals of the main products of the volcanic activity. The surrounding areas are also characterized either by springs of thermomineral water, utilized since ancient Roman times for therapeutic purposes, or by quarries of a particular lithified gray tuff locally known as “peperino”. Viterbo boasts of an important historical and artistic heritage since it is one of the best preserved medieval cities of Latium. Today we can still see the formidable walls and buildings constructed between the XII and XIII centuries. The city is situated along the main medieval road between the North and Rome – the Francigena Way -- traveled by pilgrims and German emperors – and was disputed for a long time between popes and emperors, who left several traces in the city.

D07

THE RIETI INTERMOUNTAIN BASIN AND S. FRANCESCO D’ASSISI

C. Carrara, L. Ferreli, L. Guerrieri & L. Serva

This field trip will aim at showing the Quaternary evolution of the intermountain Rieti Basin (Central Apennines) under extensional tectonics, climatic variations and human activities. The interaction among these factors during the Quaternary triggered continuous and rapid landscape modifications, such as the Holocene filling of the Rieti basin (30 to 50 meters) or the almost complete draining of the Lacus Velinus (a lake larger than 90 km2) under the Roman hydraulics works. The singularity of the natural landscape, characterized by Le Marmore Falls and other geomorphic features (fluvial terraces) shaped by travertine deposition, attracted human settlements since as early as the Bronze Age. Moreover, the presence of the places where St. Francis of Assisi lived and prayed enhance the spiritual magnificence of the area. The itinerary will provide basic elements for comprehending the role played by natural and human factors in the geomorphological evolution of the Rieti Basin and, at the same time, will include a visit to the sanctuaries of St. Francis of Assisi.

D08

APENNINE TUNNELING WORKS: IMPACTS ON THE SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND WATER RESOURCES

G. Rodolfi, S. Rossi, A. Doni & L. Ranfagni

This field trip will deal with the important changes in the hydrogeological and hydrological features resulting from one of the most important tunnelling works currently in progress in Italy. On the Tuscan part of the Bologna-Florence section the new high-speed railway will include 6 mainline tunnels (of which three exceed 15 kms in length) and also 14 kms of servicing tunnels, the so-called "windows". The line will cross the Apennines which is difficult from a geological point of view and also highly sensitive from an environmental point of view. It is characterized by fairly steep mountain relief with maximum heights being around 1,000/1,100 meters a.s.l. The field trip will proceed along the most important geological and hydrogeological features of this portion of the Apennine chain, following the development of the underground works and the most important impacts on rivers and groundwater. During the trip a reconstruction will be made of the stratigraphic sequences and the tectonic settings along a regional geological section integrating the surface information with data derived from tunneling works. The trip will move through the wonderful landscapes of the Tuscan Apennines and the Mugello plain without forgetting the local gastronomic delicacies.

D09

CRUISING ALONG DEFORMED ADRIA CONTINENTAL MARGIN AND TETHYS ROCKS (LA SPEZIA, CINQUE TERRE, LIGURIAN SEA, CENTRAL ITALY)

M. Papini & P. Vannucchi

The sea cliffs of the Cinque Terre expose a scenic geological cross-section through the Jurassic to Miocene units of the Adria continental margin (Tuscan Nappe), the Tethys sedimentary successions and ocean crust (Ligurids and Ophiolites suite, Jurassic to Paleogene). This field trip will offer an outstanding view of both the sedimentary evolution in the different paleoceanographic settings and of their deformation in the Apennine orogenic belt. The cruise is contingent on sea conditions. An alternative itinerary across the La Spezia mountains will provide the opportunity to examine the same units on land.

P01

TECTONICS AND HIGH-PRESSURE METAMORPHISM IN NORTHWEST TURKEY

A.I. Okay

North-West Turkey straddles a major Tethyan suture, and exposes Cretaceous blueschists and Triassic eclogites. The main aim of this excursion will be to show the high pressure metamorphic rocks of North-West Turkey in a regional tectonic framework. The Tethyan Izmir-Ankara suture divides North-West Turkey into two zones. The Northern Sakarya Zone comprises a basement of Late Triassic high-pressure greenschist and eclogite facies metabasic rocks of probable oceanic plateau origin, unconformably overlain by Jurassic-Cretaceous sediments. The Southern Tavsanli Zone constitutes one of the largest and best preserved glaucophane-lawsonite blueschist belts in the world, with regional distribution of jadeite, lawsonite and glaucophane. The Cretaceous blueschists are tectonically overlain by a Cretaceous oceanic accretionary complex and ophiolite. The suture separating the two zones is represented by a major strike-slip fault. Westwards towards the Aegean, a large metamorphic core complex of late Oligocene age has developed in the Sakarya Zone. The highlights of the excursion will include: the Izmir-Ankara suture; blueschist metapelites with jadeite, lawsonite, chloritoid and glaucophane; purple jades comprising jadeite, K-feldspar and lawsonite, aragonitized limestones, Triassic eclogite, Cretaceous eclogites in an accretionary complex overlying an Oligocene metamorphic core complex. Short visits to Troy and Assos will be made.

P02

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY, STRATIGRAPHY AND VOLCANICS ACROSS THE APENNINIC-MAGHREBIAN OROGEN IN SICILY

F. Lentini, P. Guarnirei, M. Coltelli & S. Branca

This field trip, of general interest, will cross Eastern Sicily and end with a view of Mount Etna. The aim is to illustrate the stratigraphy and structural characteristics of the main tectonic units, which compose the Apenninic-Maghrebian Orogen in Sicily. Going across Eastern Sicily it will be possible to analyze foreland sequences (Hyblean carbonates and volcanics), Mesozoic oceanic rocks of the palaeo-Ionian basin, the Meso-Cenozoic carbonate platforms (Panormide), allochthonous basinal sequences of the Tethys (Sicilide) and the crystalline nappes of the delaminated European continental margin (Kabilo-Calabride Units). The mostly detached Tertiary flysch-type successions will also be observed (Numidian Flysch and internal Flysches). The field trip will permit a reconstruction of the original location of the examined sequences in the Central Mediterranean paleogeography and will allow an understanding of the general geodynamic evolution, including times and modality of the Tyrrhenian opening and the role of the Etnean volcanism in this sector of the Apenninic- Maghrebian Orogen. The field trip will allow the opportunity to visit sites of historical and touristic interest.

P03

ACTIVE TECTONISM ALONG THE DEAD SEA TRANSFORM IN JORDAN

A. M Abed, M. Atallah, & A. Al-Masri

Main structures along the transform fault. Active tectonics of the Dead Sea that affect the raised Holocene-Pleistocene deposits. Volcanic activity (3.7 Ma-0.5 Ma), which is recorded along the regional E-W Zarqa Ma’in Fault truncating the Dead Sea Transform. Hot water and oil seepages along the Rift. The stratigraphic sequence which crops out along the Dead Sea Transform. Petra (geology and archeology). General information: 3 days; The departure and arrival point is Amman City; Travel by bus. The degree of physical effort is medium. Hot and dry; Temperatures: 30-40°C.

P05

ITALIAN ALPINE LANDSLIDES

M. Amanti, C. Cesi, D.Fossati, M. Ceriani, F. Pozza, D. Sciunnach, G. Crosta, .L. Nossing, V. Mair, A. Corsini. S. Cocco, P. Campedel, A. Franceschini, M. Zambotto & G. Zampedri

Italy is a country in which geological disasters occur frequently. From 1945 to 1990 landslides and mass movements resulted in more then 3,500 deaths and caused a great amount of damage. The Italian Geological Survey, together with the Regional Geological Surveys, is preparing an inventory of the landslides that occurred on Italian territory (IFFI Project), linked to a comprehensive database, to be used as a support for decision makers in natural hazard reduction. Regional administrations, directly responsible for landslide matters, initiated many monitoring and hazard evaluation studies, in order to reduce the landslide hazard and risk at a local level. The aim of this field trip will be to show some examples of large landslides that occurred in Northern Italy in recent years and to describe the efforts that are being made to reduce landslide hazards on a regional/national scale (IFFI Project) and on a local scale (slope movement monitoring and warning systems). During the excursion it will also be possible to enjoy amazing alpine landscapes, taste and buy delicious local foods, drink the region’s famous wines (Pinot, Teroldego Rotaliano, Inferno) and “grappa”of course, and unwind in a relaxing, hot thermal bath.

P07

DEEP-SEA FLUID EXPULSION AND RELATED PRODUCTS IN THE MIOCENE FOREDEEP AND SATELLITE BASINS OF THE NORTHERN APENNINES, ITALY

P. Clari, S. Conti, D. Fontana & M. Taviani

This field trip will focus on the chemosynthetic carbonate deposits of the Northern Apennines and in particular on the relationships between fluid expulsion, authigenic carbonates and sedimentary instability during the middle-late Miocene. Special topics will be the processes and products related to fluid expulsion ("brecciated structures"). A two-day itinerary will include the Modena-Romagna Apennines and Savio Valley, outlining the most relevant Ligurian, epi-Ligurian and Miocene foredeep successions of the Northern Apennines. The main stratigraphic sections will be shown in detail, concentrating on facies analysis, compositional, paleontological, paleoecological, paleoenvironmental and paleogeographical aspects. Outstanding geological scenarios and cultural-archeological sites will be visited during the excursion.

P09

IGNIMBRITIC DEPOSITS IN CENTRAL ITALY: PYROCLASTIC PRODUCTS OF THE QUATERNARY AGE AND ETRUSCAN FOOTPATHS

G. Nappi, L. Valentini & M. Mattioli

The volcanic areas of Quaternary age between Southern Tuscany and Northern Latium constitute a marvelous natural laboratory for volcanologists. Here we will examine deposits of large explosive volcanic eruptions linked to caldera collapse phenomena in the source areas. The field trip, which includes visits to the Vulsino, Cimino, Vicano and Sabatino volcanic districts, will allow participants to observe the volcanological characteristics of these areas first-hand, offering insights into their nature in terms of eruptive and depositional mechanisms. There will also be visits to unique historical sights where we can learn about past and present use of tuffs and lava: from Etruscan graves and monuments to modern buildings.

P10

CONTRASTING PATTERNS OF LATE QUATERNARY TECTONIC UPLIFT AROUND THE COASTLINE OF SICILY

F. Antonioli, S. Kershaw, P. Renda & D. Rust

Sicily sits astride the African – European plate boundary and much of the Eastern coastline is defined by a major fault system juxtaposing continental and oceanic-affinity crust. This complex tectonic setting, the subject of recent plate-tectonic modeling studies, also involves Mount Etna, Europe’s most active volcano. Several coastal sites, particularly on the Eastern (high uplift) and Northern coastline (quasi still-stand), display well-preserved sequences of marine terraces, most notably including those assigned to the Tyrhennian primarily on the basis of the distinctive Strombus bubonious warm-water fossil mollusc and now at elevations up to about 130 m. Newly published work by the leaders of the trip has extended the tectonic record into the Holocene by using uplifted and laterally extensive marine notch features formed at sea level; the carbonate bedrock and microtidal environment of the Mediterranean allowing unusually high precision. Fruitful interdisciplinary discussions are expected between field trip participants on formation mechanisms, dating and tectonics.

P11

VARISCAN BASEMENT IN NORTH SARDINIA AND CORSICA

R. Carosi, A. Di Pisa, D. Jacopini, C. Montomoli, G. Oggiano & P. Rossi

Northern Sardinia and Corsica pertain to the “inner” zone of the Southern European Variscan segment . In Sardinia where the outcrops show better continuity this segment is characterized by greenschist facies - to high-grade metamorphic rocks and consists of two metamorphic complexes: A) a polymetamorphic high-grade complex made up of LP/HT migmatites (Migmatite complex) retaining granulite relic assemblages of high-intermediate P and unknown age, which corresponds to the Northernmost part of Sardinia and extends to Corsica and B) a medium grade, chiefly metapelitic complex, consisting of micaschists and paragneisses bearing Ky±Stau ± Grt and including quartzites and N-MORB metabasalts boudins. In places this complex is confined along a narrow, NNW trending belt outcropping in Northern Sardinia (Posada Asinara Line). Thrusting, or combined thrusting-wrenching, of complex A onto complex B is apparent in places where the contact is not complicated by late-Variscan retrograde strike-slip shears. Within the collisional frame, the high-grade migmatite complex has been regarded as a crustal nappe comparable to the inner crystalline nappe of the French Massif Central, whereas the high-strain complex B has been regarded as the Sardinian segment of the Southern Variscan suture zone re-equilibrated under intermediate P amphibolite facies conditions. Later on, during the upper Carboniferous, this chain sector was affected by HT/LP metamorphism and intruded by the Corsica-Sardinia batholith. This excursion will give a general view of the Variscan chain in both the islands focusing on the transition from the pre-collisional evolution up to the late post-collisional extension and on the stratigraphic, metamorphic and magmatic evolution.

P12

THE OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE OF THE JURASSIC LIGURIAN TETHYS: FORMATION AND SUBDUCTION

G.B. Piccardo, E. Rampone, A. Romairone, M. Scambelluri, P. Elter, N. Malaspina, G. Molli, R. Tribuzio & R. L. M. Vissers

This field trip aims at showing the petrological and structural features related to formation and consumption of the oceanic lithosphere in the Mesozoic Ligurian Tethys. This lithosphere consisted of a peridotite-gabbro basement covered by MORB volcanites and radiolarian cherts. The Ligurian Tethys was originated by passive extension of the Adria-Europe lithosphere, which caused tectonic denudation and sea-floor exposure of the subcontinental mantle, and was closed by subduction during convergence between the Europe and Adria plate. The field trip will concern two classic sections of the Ligurian ophiolites: 1) the obducted ophiolites of the Liguride Units of the Northern Apennines, and 2) the subducted high-pressure ophiolites of the Alpine Erro-Tobbio Unit of the Voltri Massif. The excursion will focus on the structural, petrologic and geochronologic knowledge of mantle peridotites and gabbroic-basaltic crustal rocks of the Northern Apennine ophiolites, and on the tectonic and metamorphic evolution of subducted, HP recrystallized mafic-ultramafic rocks of the Voltri Massif, with the aim of highlighting the petrologic and geodynamic processes governing the formation and subduction of this peculiar oceanic lithosphere.

P13

LANDSLIDES OF THE EMILIA APENNINES (NORTHERN ITALY)

G. Bertolini , M. Pizzaiolo, G. Bertolini, M.T. De Nardo, G. Larini & M. Pizziolo

During the periods 1994-1999 and 2000-2001, the mountainous territory of the Emilia-Romagna Region suffered the reactivation of many previously dormant landslides which damaged and threatened villages and communication routes. This field trip will show some examples of large landslides and describe the slope movement monitoring and warning systems recently implemented. Among the landslides that will be visited, the spectacular Corniglio landslide (Province of Parma) is without doubt the largest with its 100 m depth and 110 million m3 volume. During its last reactivation (starting in 1994 and still active) 70 buildings and 5 storehouses were destroyed. Other landslides in the Modena (Valoria landslide), Reggio Emilia (Lavina di Roncovetro and Valestra landslides) and Parma (Tosca landslide) provinces will also be visited. If the weather is good, we will have an aerial view of these landslides by means of helicopter. A large amount of data will be presented and discussed during the field trip, such as the relationships between rainfall (or snowmelt), groundwater and movements. The efforts of the regional administration in this field cover a large spectrum of disciplines, such as cartography, real-time monitoring and other investigations, which will be exhibited and discussed.

P14

HISTORICAL-GEOLOGICAL EVENTS AND THEIR IMPACT ON MAN

T. S. Pescatore, A. Cinque, M. R. Senatore, C. Rosskopf, A. Cinque, C. Caiazzo, T. S. Pescatore, M. Boscaino, G. Capretto, F. Pinto, M. R. Senatore, G. Robustelli, C. Rosskopf, V. Ceglia, A. Ciarallo, G. Greco, G. Tocco, G. Avagliano, G. Bisogno, C. A. Fiammenghi & M. Russo

This field trip tackles a multidisciplinary subject in a highly cultural context, that of Southern Italy. The mutual relationship between the occurrence of recent geological events and the course of historical events in the last 2,500 years will be demonstrated at several sites in Southern Italy. In each site a detailed geological reconstruction, emphasizing the evolution of the environment, will be compared with the development of human civilization (especially Greek and Roman). We will examine the main changes in geological features and the archeological evidence of catastrophic events, such as the volcanic eruptions (i.e. Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 A.D.), high magnitude earthquakes (i.e. Saepinum in 360 A.D.) and significant floods (i.e. Benevento in Late Roman times). The proposed sites, some of them considered the most exciting in the world, will be visited with contributions by archeologists.

P15

SEDIMENTARY AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF SELECTED NEOGENE-QUATERNARY BASINS OF THE APENNINES (ITALY)

M. Sagri, I.P. Martini, V. Pascucci, G.P. Cavinato & F. Sandrelli

During Neogene and Quaternary times, Apennine sedimentary basins developed in extensional, transtensional and compressional regimes. The purpose of this field trip will be to show sedimentary successions and structural features connected with the formation and the evolution of these basins. The selected areas are (i) Southern Tuscany where dominant extension, possibly punctuated by compression, occurred in the late Miocene-Pliocene and (ii) Latium and Abruzzo where extension and transtension occurred in late Pliocene and Pleistocene times. The field trip will cover areas where the archeological and historical heritage of Italy can be observed from the Bronze Age through Etruscan and Roman times up to the Middle Ages. The magnificent medieval cities of Siena, Montalcino and L’Aquila will be visited. In addition, driving through Italy will provide the opportunity to discover different life styles, traditions, foods and wines.

P18

THE APULIA CARBONATE PLATFORM-MARGIN AND SLOPE, LATE JURASSIC TO EOCENE OF THE MAIELLA MT. AND GARGANO PROMONTORY: PHYSICAL STRATIGRAPHY AND ARCHITECTURE

M. Morsilli, G. Rusciadelli & A. Bosellini

The main goal of this field trip will be the observation of the stratigraphic architecture of the Eastern margin, and its related slope and basin sediments of the Apulia carbonate platform along the unique on-land outcrop areas ( the Maiella Mountain and the Gargano Promontory). The Apulia carbonate platform represents a case study of a margin with very different evolution through time, from a progradational to aggradational trend and from erosional to by-pass. Very spectacular geometries and different systems are visible, in some cases at seismic scale view, in these areas. Onlap, interfingering, erosional features at different scale, slumping, breccia bodies, graded beds and pelagic sediments, are the main geometric features and related products. Drowning unconformity, scalloped margin and coalescence of various platform systems through time are the interpreted mechanisms that have driven the evolution of this carbonate platform. Many sites of cultural interest are present in the Gargano National Park. Beautiful landscapes, flora and fauna, cultural and religious traditions and delicious food are the main attractions of Apulia.

P20

A GEOLOGICAL TRANSECT ACROSS THE SOUTHERN APENNINES ALONG THE SEISMIC LINE CROP 04

E. Patacca & P. Scandone

The Southern Apennine mountain chain is a complex fold-and-thrust belt built up during Neogene and Quaternary times. It basically consists of a buried duplex system of Mesozoic-Tertiary carbonate thrust sheets overlain by a thick pile of rootless nappes derived from platform and basin depositional realms. This trip will aim to illustrate a regional geological section across the entire thrust belt-foredeep-foreland system in the Campania-Basilicata-Apulia region. The transect, extending from the Tyrrhenian coast to the Adriatic, integrates stratigraphical and structural surface data with subsurface information partly derived from petroleum exploration and partly derived from the non-commercial line CROP 04. The latter is a reflection seismic line that allowed the recognition of well-organized events down to 9-10 seconds TWT, that is to say to depths exceeding 25 km. During the field trip, beautiful archeological and historical sites will be visited, including Paestum, the important town of Magna Grecia, Venosa, the hometown of the Latin poet Horace and Castel del Monte with its splendid medieval castle built by Emperor Frederick II.

P22

GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SLOPE INSTABILITY IN THE DOLOMITES (NORTHERN ITALY): FROM LATEGLACIAL TO RECENT. GEOMORPHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

L. Borgatti, M. Soldati, A. Corsini, A. Galoppo, A. Ghinoi, M. Marchetti, E. Oddone, M. Panizza, A. Pasuto, G.B. Pellegrini, E. Schiavon, C. Siorpaes, N. Surian & F. Tagliavini

This field trip will start in Venice and continue in mountainous areas (the Dolomites, North-Eastern Italian Alps) of unique geological and environmental interest, known worldwide for their spectacular scenery (e.g. Cortina d’Ampezzo). From the scientific viewpoint, the field trip will focus on geomorphology and engineering geology applied to slope instability. The main goal will be to show significant cases of mass movements of various type, size and age, which have affected the Dolomitic valleys since the retreat of the LGM glaciers including the recent catastrophic Vajont landslide (1963), which caused more than 2,000 casualties. Secondary goals are to highlight the relationships between geological structures and landscape evolution and to show the influence of Holocene climatic variations on slope instability phenomena. The field trip will also have a cultural interest, both artistic (visits to Venice and Verona) and historical (the sites and remnants of World War I battles in the Dolomites).

P25

TRAVERTINES OF TUSCANY AND LATIUM (CENTRAL ITALY)

A. Minissale & N.C. Sturchio

Tuscany and Latium are unique for the quality and quantity of their travertine deposits. Genesis of travertines during the Late Quaternary is related to the lithology, hydrology, fluxes of heat and CO2, structural geology, climate, and volcanology of the peri-Tyrrhenian area (Roman Comagmatic Province). Topics to be considered during the trip are: i) neotectonics, ii) paleoclimate and hydrology, iii) geothermal activity, including gas vents and thermal springs (Larderello, Saturnia, and elsewhere), and iv) archeology. Aside from these topics, the field trip will show the quarrying, exploitation and modern use of travertines (Tivoli quarries) as well as its use in Roman times (the Colosseum, Villa Adriana at Tivoli), Renaissance and Baroque times (Villa d'Este at Tivoli and monuments in Rome), and the 20th century (EUR in Rome). This field trip will be of general scientific and historical interest to geologists, geochemists, and archeologists.

P27

NORTHERN APENNINE AND CORSICA OPHIOLITES: THE OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE OF THE LIGURE-PIEMONTESE BASIN AND ITS TRANSITION TO THE ADRIA CONTINENTAL MARGIN (ITALY)

V. Bortolotti, L. Cortesogno, L.Gaggero, D. Lahondere, M. Marroni, Molli, A. Montanini, L. Pandolfi, G. Principi, P. Rossi, E. Saccani, B. Treves & R. Tribuzio

The Jurassic ophiolites of the Northern Apennines and Corsica probably represent one of the best-studied and most famous examples of oceanic lithosphere preserved in a collisional belt. Due to the lack of high-grade orogenic metamorphism, the Northern Apennine ophiolites as well as some sequences from Alpine Corsica (Balagne and Inzecca ophiolites) display well preserved pre-orogenic features in which the oceanic processes can be fully observed. For a long time, these ophiolites have been used in comparisons with the other ophiolites, worldwide. In particular, the Northern Apennine and Corsica ophiolites are characterized by a “peculiar” and incomplete sequence, whose origin in a slow-spreading ridge or in a transform fault setting is still debated. In addition, recent advances in the study on the ophiolite sequences on the external side of the Northern Apennines have highlighted the occurrence of an association of mantle lherzolites, basalts, granites and granulites. This association is regarded as representative of the transition area from ocean to Adria continental margin. On the whole, the Northern Apennine ophiolites provide an exceptional opportunity for a geotraverse across a well-preserved fossil oceanic basin, i.e. the Ligure-Piemontese basin, up to the ocean-continent transition. This field trip proposed by the Working Group on Mediterranean Ophiolites (GLOM) will visit the Ligurian-Emilian Apennines and the island of Corsica.

P30

METALLOGENY IN SARDINIA (ITALY): FROM THE CAMBRIAN TO THE TERTIARY

A. Marcello, S. Pretti, P. Valera, M. Agus, M. Boni & M. Fiori

The main aim of this trip will be the metallogeny of Sardinia in the context of the geology of this Italian island. Both the metallogeny and geology of this island display a long and complex history, developed from at least the Cambrian up to the Tertiary-Quaternary. The numerous and often commercially important mineralized bodies, which include metallic ores as well as industrial minerals and fuels, allowed the development of long-lived mining operations (which lasted as long as 150 years). A few mines continue to produce and several projects remain in progress, while some of the old mines have been included in a Geo-Mining Park sponsored by UNESCO. A number of characteristic mining sites will be visited, and also several beautiful natural views will be seen, along with numerous monuments, including the unique prehistorical fortresses (nuraghes) of Sardinia, and Roman churches.

P32

VOLCANIC ACTIVITY AT MOUNT ETNA (SICILY)

R. Cristofolini

Mount Etna, one of the largest active volcanoes in the Mediterranean area, or indeed, in Europe, shows peculiar petrological and geochemical features, related to a very complex structural setting. Its activity is the basis of myths and legends from classical times and records of its eruptions date back to several centuries BC. The volcano is located in a densely populated area, at the boundary between a thinned crustal domain (Ionian Sea) and continental crust (Sicily), where large regional fault systems intersect each other, next to the front of the South-verging overthrust pile of the Apennine-Maghrebian mountain range. Its products range from basal tholeiites to members of a Na-alkaline series (mostly hawaiites – mugearites), that show evidence of an imprint from a calc-alkaline component. The volcanic sequence is composed of lava flows, air-fall and (scarce) pyroclastic flow deposits and lahars, erupted by distinct volcanic centers. The field trip will aim at providing an opportunity to discuss the diverse parameters that control the volcanological and petrological features of the volcano, and associated hazard-related problems.

P33

WINES OF BORDEAUX AND COGNAC: GEOLOGY OF THE VINEYARDS

R. Bourrouilh, M. Broquedis & G. Darne

Known from Roman times, celebrated by the Latin Poet Ausone, appreciated by the English during the Middle Ages, worldrenowned today, the famous vineyards of Bordeaux and Cognac are largely found in Aquitaine, in a beautiful historical and cultural landscape. The field trip will examine the most typical geological sections, to establish the main characteristics of the vineyards: soils, source rocks, climate, cepages, how the vines are grown, differences between the wine districts, such as Medoc, Graves, Sauternes etc… Visits to several very well-known Châteaux will be made, involving also tasting and differentiation of wines. The history of Wines and Cognacs will be illustrated by visits to cellars, production plants and historical cities such as Bordeaux, Cognac, Saint Emilion. The field trip will also go to the Cognac district, visiting the famous Oyster area of Marennes-Oléron along the way.

P35

PLIO-PLEISTOCENE STRATIGRAPHIC AND TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE FORELAND-FOREDEEP CHAIN SYSTEM IN SOUTHERN ITALY

P. Pieri, L. Sabato, M. Tropeano, S. Gallicchio, F. Loiacono & M. Schiattarella

This field trip will aim at demonstrating the Plio-Pleistocene evolution of the foreland-foredeep-chain system in Southern Italy. We will cross a complete geological section with well-exposed sedimentary sequences, from the inner side of the Apulian Foreland as far as the thrust sheets of the Apennines, through the foredeep (Bradanic Trough) and the coeval satellite Sant'Arcangelo Basin. The main topics will be the relationships between the stratigraphic architecture of the deposits and the pre-, syn- and post-depositional tectonics. Some amazing places of historical, prehistorical and geotouristic importance included in natural parks will be visited (among them, the Sassi di Matera, an old hand-hewn rock town now a part of the UNESCO Patrimony; Metapontum, a Greek archeological settlement; the “Dolomiti lucane”, a sharp, high ridge overlooking several villages).

P36

PALEOGENE AND RECENT VOLCANISM IN THE EASTERN RHODOPES (BULGARIA), AND ON MILOS ISLAND (GREECE), AND RELATED INDUSTRIAL MINERALS

M. Fytikas, Y. Yanev, R. Ivanova, T. Iliev & S. Gier

In the Eastern Rhodope mountains, a huge and extended volcanism developed during the Paleogene. In Bulgarian territory, this field trip will focus on two points: a) different types of volcano-clastic products (ignimbrites, fall-out tuffs) and various volcanic massifs (domes, lava flows etc), b) their transformation by hydrothermal activity to industrial minerals (zeolites or bentonites) or by a quick cooling of the “border” lavas of the volcanic mass (perlites). In Milos, a typical volcanic arc island of Pliocene-Quaternary age, with a great variety of volcanic structures and products, we will visit a rhyolitic tuff ring with a diameter of 1,700 m, a gigantic pumice deposit, some great phreato-magmatic craters, spectacular lava-domes and flows, gigantic columnar dikes, numerous hydrothermal craters. A great variety of hydrothermal and industrial minerals was formed: bentonite, kaolin, barite, silica, alunite, sulphur, manganese, epithermal gold etc., together with an impressive geothermal field. A huge production activity exists, producing more than 1 million tonnes of bentonite and 500,000 tonnes of perlite yearly. We will visit some of the most important and interesting quarries.

P37

HYDROGEOLOGY OF THE ISLAND OF SARDINIA (ITALY)

G. Barrocu, A. Vernier, F. Ardau, N. Salis, F. Sanna, M.G. Sciabica & S. Soddu

The coastal aquifers of the alluvial plains of Capoterra, Cagliari, Muravera, and Oristano, and the karsts of Calagonone- Dorgali will be visited, proceeding along the most scenic routes in Sardinia, in a succession of cliffs, beaches with wetlands and dunes, and rugged mountains. Practically all the geological events of the Mediterranean basin, from the Pre-Cambrian to the present day, are documented in this relatively small island (24,089 km2), with its 1,849.2 km of coastline, a quarter of the total length of Italy’s coasts. Attention will focus on the effects of saltwater intrusion due to natural processes and especially human disturbance (river damming and mismanagement). The trip is of specific and general interest, from the hydrogeological, geological, environmental, archeological, and historical points of view. Suspended between Europe and Africa, Sardinia was largely bypassed culturally, and many ancient traditions survive here among its population (1.5 million, with a density of 60 persons/km2), while only recently has the island been incorporated into the mainstream of modern civilization.

P38

GEOLOGY OF THE ALPI APUANE METAMORPHIC COMPLEX (ALPI APUANE, CENTRAL ITALY)

L. Carmignani, P. Conti, M. Meccheri & G. Molli

The Alpi Apuane area represents the largest tectonic window in the Northern Italian Apennines chain, where the higher grade metamorphic rocks of the Northern Apennines outcrop. In this area it is possible to study relationships between all the tectonic units of the Northern Apennines nappe stack. In greater detail we will observe: a) the stratigraphy of all the tectonics units, from ophiolites and oceanic deep water sediments (Ligurides units) to sediments of the Apulia (Austroalpine) continental margin and the underlying Hercynian basement (Tuscan nappe and Massa unit); b) tectonics and mode of emplacement of all the tectonic units of the Northern Apennines; c) late-orogenic extension and kinematics of uplift of the metamorphic complexes of the Northern Apennines. In the Alpi Apuane area where the world-famous “Carrara marble” is quarried, microstructural evolution in this well-known rock-type will be discussed in the framework of the regional tectonic structure. This field trip will be of interest to those involved in both stratigraphy and structural geology of continental margin deformation and uplift.

P39

SARDINIAN PALAEOZOIC BASEMENT AND ITS MESO–CAINOZOIC COVERS (ITALY)

S. Barca, G. Carannante, G. Cassinis, A. Cherchi, C. Corradini, L. Cortesogno, M. Del Rio, M. Durand, A. Ferretti, D. Fontana, A. Funedda, L. Gaggero, A.M. Garau, F.Leone, G. Macciotta,, M. Marchi, R. Matteucci, M. Murru, C. Neri, A. Loi, G. L. Pillola, P. Pittau, A. Ronchi, I. Salvatori, E. Sarria, R. Schroeder, E. Serpagli, L. Simone & C. Stefani

This field trip will allow examination of the most significant tectono-sedimentary events in Sardinia during the early Caledonian, Hercynian and Alpine cycles, from Early Cambrian to Late Cenozoic times. The Paleozoic successions, from Cambrian to Permian, show a great variety of facies, from rich fossiliferous to high-grade metamorphic bodies, allowing the study of peculiar features (Cambrian biotas and relationships with sequence stratigraphy, structural geology). The itinerary will cross the South-western (Sulcis, Iglesiente), central (Gerrei, Quirra, Trexenta, Sarcidano) and North-western (Nurra) regions, and includes: selected paleoecological analysis and evolution of carbonate platforms during Cambrian, Triassic to Cretaceous and Oligo-Miocene periods; Silurian and Devonian stratigraphy and paleobiogeography, Carboniferous, lower Permian and Permo-Triassic volcano-sedimentary continental successions. This trip includes visits to archeological, historical and artistic sites (Nuragic Culture, Roman, Middle Age and early 20th Century mining industry).

P40

GEOLOGY TASTING AND WINE MAPPING IN CENTRAL ITALY

R. Colacicchi

The purpose of this field trip is to discover the differences in taste and flavour of some wines of Central Italy, due to different geological substrata. In Toscana the Chianti wines are related to the Oligocene/Early Miocene Macigno, the Pliocene Crete Senesi formations and the Valdarno lacustrine deposits of Villafranchian age. In Umbria the Orvieto white wine is produced on volcanic alkaline tuffs and on Pliocene clay. Around Lake Trasimeno and in the Northern Tiber valley red wines are supported mainly by the Marnoso arenacea formation. Around Montefalco, the famous Sagrantino red wine grows on the lacustrine sediments of the Villafranchian age. In Marche, a typical white wine, the Verdicchio, is associated with the Pliocene sands and clays, while the Rosso Conero and the Rosso Piceno grow on calcareous and marly sediments. This field trip will explore the geology of different formations and related wines. At the same time, many places of tourist interest will be visited.

P41

INSTRUMENTED EXPERIMENTAL SITES FOR THE CONTROL OF LANDSLIDE HAZARDS IN MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENTS: THE GERMANASCA AND SUSA VALLEYS (NORTHWESTERN ITALY)

P. Allasia, C. Audisio, M. Baldo, C.G. Cirio, G. Lollino, D. Giordan, F. Godone, G. Nigrelli, F. Alpe, S. Ambrogio, M. Giardino, L. Perotti, L. Sambuelli, G. De Renzo, D. Fontan & T. Barbero

This field trip will be carried out in two alpine catchments (Germanasca and Upper Susa Valleys, North-Western Italian Alps) and in the hilly area of Langhe (Southern Piemonte Region), characterized by different types of landslides: rotational and translational slides, rock falls, etc.. On these unstable sites different monitoring networks have been established, such as a Topographic Total Station, an Automated Inclinometric System (AIS), a piezometric network, a microseismic network and wire extensometers. All these systems are remotely controlled. The interest of the local community in monitoring these areas is mainly due to the fact that these landslide movements threaten many villages, as well as the only existing roads that lead to some important skiing resorts (of great interest for the Winter Olympic Games of Turin 2006) and also to some active talc quarries. During the trip it will prove interesting to visit some historic talc quarries, no longer active but being reclaimed for tourist purposes, where we will have a look at past working techniques and at the old miners' lifestyle.

P42

GEOLOGY AND VOLCANISM OF STROMBOLI, LIPARI, AND VULCANO (AEOLIAN ISLANDS)

R. De Rosa, N. Calanchi, P.F. Dellino, L. Francalanci, F. Lucchi, M. Rosi, P.L. Rossi & C.A. Tranne

This field trip will focus on the observation of peculiar eruptive and volcano-stratigraphical aspects of Stromboli, Lipari and Vulcano, through a multidisciplinary approach. Special attention will be devoted to the active volcanoes of Vulcano and Stromboli, characterized by the typical vulcanian and strombolian eruptive styles. A quantitative assessment of hazards will be proposed, for some well-documented eruptive sequences, by means of the reconstruction of the transportation and emplacement mechanisms of pyroclastic deposits. On Lipari, the stratigraphical relationships between volcanics and raised ancient shorelines will be described. These indicate that a complex interaction between “local” volcanic activity and “global” Late-Quaternary eustatic events occurred during the geological evolution of this volcanic structure.

P44

TRIASSIC CARBONATE PLATFORMS OF THE DOLOMITES CARBONATE PRODUCTION, RELATIVE SEA-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS AND THE SHAPING OF THE DEPOSITIONAL ARCHITECTURE

M. Stefani, P. Brack, P. Gianolla, L. Keim, A. Mastandrea, F. Mauer, C. Neri, N. Preto, E. Ragazzi, A. Riva, G.Roghi & F. Russo

This trip will aim at the genetic understanding of the sequence and stratigraphic architecture of Triassic carbonate platforms, spectacularly outcropping in the Southern-Alpine Dolomites. The excursion will examine several Middle and Upper Triassic platform generations, recording an evolution from regional shallow-water banks to steep isolated pinnacles and then back to widespread tidal flats. The role played by the evolving reef biota and by the massive syndepositional cementation in the changing sedimentary dynamics will be addressed, together with the hydrocarbon geology and paleoclimatological implications. Beside these geological highlights, the Dolomites region has much more to offer, such as enchanting landscapes, a rich historic heritage and an enticing culinary tradition. An optional one-day post-excursion, geocultural trip to Venice will also be organized.

P45

THE CRUST IN WESTERN AND CENTRAL EASTERN SICILY

R. Catalano, A. Sulli, B. Abate, M. Agate, G. Avellone & L. Basilone

This field trip will illustrate the stratigraphic and structural setting of the Sicilian chain with its deformed foredeep-foreland system. Correlation between outcropping and buried structures and their relationships with the prominent crustal layers as well as the Neogene foreland basins’ evolution will be highlighted using the results of an in-progress crustal seismic reflection profile (Italian CROP Project) which will be done across the region from Termini Imerese (Central-northern Sicily coast) to Gela (Southeastern Sicily). The combined geological and geophysical approach has recently provided new insights into the reconstruction of the imbrication geometry and internal deformation of the mostly carbonate units, that could lead to new potential perspectives on the occurrence of structural traps in the Sicilian edifice. The field trip will cross three main transects: from Palermo to Sciacca, from Termini to Enna, from Caltanissetta to Gela. Such areas include interesting archeological traces of Phoenician, Roman and Byzantine periods.

P49

FACIES AND GEOMETRIES OF PELAGIC DEPOSITS IN A JURASSIC PELAGIC CARBONATE PLATFORM /BASIN SYSTEM - SABINA, CENTRAL APENNINES (ITALY)

M. Santantonio & C. Muraro

This field trip will take place in the Sabina sector of the Central Apennines, and should be of general appeal to sedimentary geologists. Exceptional outcrops provide a unique opportunity to study a huge, newly discovered Jurassic submarine high, the Sabina Plateau, and its relationships to the adjacent Sabina Basin. Participants will be able to see how synsedimentary tectonics, sea-bottom topography, and oceanography affected the general facies and geometries of pelagic carbonate and siliceous deposits. Highlights include: 1. Drowning unconformity above peritidal limestone, and condensed plateau-top deposits, with mounded geometries and deep-photic pennular corals; 2. Perfectly preserved marginal paleoescarpment tracts, with several rarely seen details: a) epi-escarpment condensed deposits, b) silicification at onlap unconformities, c) block-detachment scars, d) megabreccia ponded on concave erosional surfaces of paleoescarpments, draped by condensed deposits; 3. Thin oolitic deposits in the plateau-top succession, a result of overbanking of turbidity currents traveling across the Sabina Basin; 4. E-W transect across the Sabina basin, to see how changes in the productivity of the nearby Latium- Abruzzi peritidal carbonate platforms affected the distribution patterns and composition of turbiditic material; basin-margin megaclastic deposits.

P52

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, SEDIMENTOLOGY AND TECTONO-EUSTATIC EVENTS OF THE LOWER AND MIDDLE JURASSIC OF THE KSOUR MOUNTAINS (WESTERN SAHARIAN ATLAS, SOUTHERN ALGERIA)

L. Mekahli, S. Elmi & M. Benhamou

The Ksour mountains close to the Moroccan border offer a great choice of scenic outcrops exposing good examples of intervening controls on sedimentation: local tectonic factors, slope deposits (breccias, megabreccias, turbidites), break-up of the initial (Liassic) carbonate platforms, differentiation of tectonically controlled small sub-basins (Toarcian-Aalenian) changing upwards to a siliciclastic turbiditic environment. Evolution to prograding Bajocian reefs was very steep and fast; upwards a paralic environment developed up to the progradation of a Late Jurassic delta. The outcrops visited will also allow collection of Tethyan ammonites and brachiopods. On the way to the South, the excursion will visit the Jurassic site of Saïda and observe its structural features. The return trip will end with the new sauropod site of Sfissifa and a general survey of the Tlemcen mountains. Cultural and general interest: Oran historic site, prehistoric Rupestrian carvings, old Berberian palaces (ksour), pre-Saharian oasis, eolian dunes, scenic Aïn Ouarka hot springs and salt deposits, pre-Saharian sabkhas, the old mosque of Tlemcen historic city and religious centre, Mansourah Almoravid (Andalusian) ruins.

P53

ADRIATIC-DINARIDIC MESOZOIC CARBONATE PLATFORM, ENVIRONMENTS AND FACIES FROM PERMIAN TO RECENT TIME

M. Juracic, L. Palinkas, Z. Barjaktarevic, R. Buljan, S. Bergant, V. Jurak, I. Gusic, L. Marjanac, T. Marjanac, D. Maticec, A. Mezga, T. Pavisa, S. Sestanovic, S. Sostaric-Borojevic, S. Strmic, J. Sremac, J. Tisljar & I. Vlahovic

The Mesozoic Adriatic-Dinaric carbonate platform, a unique geological formation developed along the passive continental margin of Gondwana, stands out among other similar units in the world both in size and diversity of sedimentary facies. It stretches along the Adriatic coast in the External Dinarides, a part of the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt, whose existence terminated in the Paleogene and then uplifted in Neogene time. A great deal of interesting phenomena are situated on the islands along the Adriatic coast, inhabited since prehistoric times by fishermen, farmers and sailors, dwelling in small stonebuilt villages with picturesque architecture.

P54

STRUCTURE OF THE ITALIAN DOLOMITES, PARTIALLY ALONG THE SOUTHERN SECTOR OF THE TRANSALP SEISMIC PROFILE

A. Castellarin, L. Cantelli, V. Ricotti, L. Selli, R. Fantoni, R. Nicolich & G.V. Dal Piaz

This field trip is a nearly unique opportunity to visit and analyze a complete structural section across one of the most famous collisional orogenic chains in the World: the Eastern Alps, shown and explained by Italian, Austrian and German specialists in a mosaic of integrated scientific skills and in the spectacular scenery of the Italian Dolomites and the Austrian Northern Calcareous Alps. The field trip itinerary approximates the Main Line of the reflection seismic Profile now completed and processed, and progressing toward definitive publication, in accordance with agreements of the Austrian, German and Italian Transalp Project joint program. The final results, with the general geophysical and geological interpretations, should be widely available at the time of the 2004 Congress.

P55

ALPINE-TYPE LAKES IN ITALY AND SWITZERLAND: GEOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

F. Anselmetti, S. Bernasconi, A.M. Michetti, L. Vezzoli, V. Comerci, D. Fanetti & F. Giardina

This field trip to the lakes of Como and Luzern (Northern Italy and Switzerland) will present, compare and discuss subacqueous and subaerial geology, geomorphology, geophysics, geochemistry and sedimentology of alpine-type lacustrine environments. The lake sedimentary infill contains archives of latest Quaternary climate changes and tectonic deformation, including evidence for extreme hydrologic and paleoseismic events. First, the trip will examine the morphological and sedimentological evidences for the lake history in the key area of Como and Cernobbio. Then, for both lakes, the limnogeological and environmental data will be presented and compared with structure and evolution processes of the surrounding mountain slopes. The trip is also of general interest for viewing a geological and environmental alpine transect with a lacustrine perspective.

P56

MILANKOVITCH CYCLES AS A GEOCHRONOMETRIC TOOL TO CONSTRUCT GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALES

F. Hilgen

The main goal of this field trip will be to demonstrate the principle of the astronomical dating method in the field by visiting the classical marine sections of the Miocene and Pliocene age on Sicily. All the sections played a crucial role in developing the astronomical (polarity) time scale for the Mediterranean Neogene, which already underlies the standard geological time scale for the Pliocene. Such a time scale is based on the correlation of sedimentary (Milankovitch) cycles, or other cyclic variations in paleoclimatic records, to computed astronomical curves, which describe past variations in the Earth’s orbital parameters (precession, obliquity and eccentricity). The sections are all the more important because all Pliocene stage boundaries are defined in these sections and, as a consequence, are incorporated in the standard time scale by means of firstorder calibrations. A secondary but by no means less important goal will be the application of the new time scale in paleoclimatic studies directed at understanding the astronomical forcing of (Mediterranean) climate.

P60

THE CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY (K-T) BOUNDARY IN ELLES AND THE OTHER TUNISIAN OUTCROPS

D. Zaghbib-Turki & N. Karoui-Yaakoub

Because the exposures along the El Kef section designated by the International Geological Committee (IGC, Washington, 1992) as the Stratotype of the K/T boundary are not very satisfactory, we have focused our efforts on looking for the best K/T transition outcrop. The latter should have all the well-preserved characteristics of the K/T boundary and be easily accessible for field trip participants. Then, since the 1997 IAS meeting, we have compiled many results (especially biostratigraphical, geochemical and mineralogical data) concerning the Oued El Melah and the Elles sections. These results confirm that the latter can offer an alternative neostratotype or a parastratotype of the K/T boundary. The Elles section exhibits continuous sedimentary deposits with well-developed biostratigraphical biozones of the K/T transition. Compared with those of the Stratotype (El Kef section) they are slightly better developed, and the Elles K/T transition deposits are more laterally extended in outcrop without any tectonic deformation or hiatus. The Oued El Melah section also exhibits an interesting K/T complete transition.

P61

MONTE ARGENTARIO AND ISOLA DEL GIGLIO (SOUTHERN TUSCANY,ITALY): A RECORD FROM CONTINENTAL BREAK-UP TO SUBDUCTION, OROGENIC WEDGE FORMATION, AND POST-OROGENIC EXTENSION

J. Reinhardt & F. Rossetti

The Monte Argentario promontory and the Island of Giglio represent a key area for the reconstruction of the Mesozoic and post-Mesozoic geological history of the Northern Tyrrhenian region. Exposures show a large spectrum of Mesozoic rocks of continental and oceanic provenance that form a tectonic assemblage of ophiolite-bearing melange, Verrucano red beds, and zones of carbonate breccia. Apart from the breccia, all tectonic units contain high-pressure metamorphic minerals. Amidst the spectacular coastal scenery of Southern Tuscany, participants will see the evidence, from micro-scale to regional-scale, revealing the tectono-metamorphic evolution at the western margin of the Northern Apennine orogenic belt. The field trip will consider the regional geological framework, while putting the focus on local structural and petrological aspects, in particular those that relate to subduction, thrusting, extension and exhumation.

P64

GEOLOGICAL SETTING, HAZARDS AND URBAN GROWTH IN SOME HISTORICAL TOWNS IN ITALY

D. Berti, E. Esposito, C. Giusti, G.M. Luberti, L. Piccardi, S. Porfido, C. Violante & E. Vittori

This multidisciplinary field trip will focus especially on the influence (or lack of influence) of geology and geohazards on urban planning in some of the most renowned towns but also in less known but enticing spots of Italy. Therefore, cultural interest is guaranteed. Italian towns display a great variety of geological-geomorphological settings, and have experienced with time many extreme natural events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, or relatively slow phenomena such as subsidence. All this has strongly affected the urban texture, occasionally determining the decay of towns, more often the search for appropriate technical solutions and the flourishing of architectural and urban planning masterpieces, especially during the richest artistic periods. The field trip will provide the participants a chance to visit several Italian art-filled towns, discovering not only their beauty but also the geological and geomorphological ground underneath and how this has influenced urban choices up to the 20th century. We believe this is a unique opportunity to discover how the arts and nature have blended in world artistic heritage sites such as Florence, Naples, Rome and Venice.

P65

BASIN AND RANGE IN THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN APENNINES

A.M. Blumetti, L. Guerrieri, M.G. Angeli, C. Bisci, F. Dramis, B. Gentili, P. Marsan, A.M. Michetti, F. Pontoni, G. Pambianchi, L. Serva, S. Silvestri & E. Tondi

The progressive gathering of an extensive amount of data in the last decade has revealed the details of post-Miocene history of continental rifting in the Apennines. This field trip will review the geological evidence for active crustal extension in the Central and Southern Apennines. In particular, due to the wealth of stratigraphic, geomorphic and paleoseismic analyses now available for the late Pleistocene to Holocene time interval, we have an entirely new knowledge about the recent behavior of the system of active, capable, normal faults which is responsible for the high seismicity of the region as well as for major control on the immature Basin and Range topography (in terms of earthquake surface faulting, mountain building, slope evolution and gravity deformation, drainage patterns development, intermountain basin growth and filling, hydrogeological and karst features) of the Apennines mountain belt. Emphasis will be given to the Quaternary, and especially the Holocene, tectonics and surface-process interactions, integrated observations of the recent landscape evolution, and the related understanding of natural hazards (including ground motion, ground rupture, and large landslides) and risk mitigation strategies.

P66

GEOTRAVERSE ACROSS THE CALABRIA-PELORITANI TERRANE (SOUTHERN ITALY)

G. Bonardi, A. Caggianelli, S. Critelli, A. Messina, P. Acquafredda, G. Carbone, G. Careri, R. Cirrincione, M. D’Errico, R. Dominici, V. Festa, A. Iannace, E. Macaione, S. Mazzoli, P. Notaro, M. Parente, F. Perri, E. Piluso, R. Somma, M. Sonnino & S. Vitale

The aim of this field trip will be to show the structure and the tectono-metamorphic evolution of the orogenic sector - formed by a stack of ophiolitic and crystalline basement nappes - interposed between the South Apenninic and Sicilian- Maghrebian chains and known as the Calabria-Peloritani Arc. It corresponds to a composite terrane, resulting from the juxtaposition of two subterranes, that collided during the Miocene with the Apulian and Ragusan continental margins at its north and south extremities respectively, whereas its central part presently overrides the subducted Ionian oceanic lithosphere to the east. Some cross-sections will be examined to illustrate and compare the accretionary history of the two subterrranes, highlighting the similarities with other sectors of the Western Mediterranean Chains. The northern subterrane also offers the opportunity to observe the geodynamic evolution of a continental margin from the Triassic rifting and Jurassic oceanic opening to the Cretaceous-Tertiary convergence. The petrological characteristics of the basement of some nappes will also be analyzed, among which a variscan metamorphism prograde from anchizone to amphibolite facies and a continuous section from mantle-crust boundary to upper crust. The compositional and structural features of Late Variscan granitoids, intruded both in the upper and in the intermediate crust will be examined. The itinerary unfolds itself entirely in Magna Grecia through scenic landscapes and will allow the participants to visit some archeological sites and the historic village of Stilo with its famous Byzantine chapel “La Cattolica”.

P67

ACTIVE VOLCANISM AND RELATED EVENTS IN CAMPANIA: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND PEOPLE

>G. Mastrolorenzo, L. Pappalardo, I. Ricciardi & P.P. Petrone

The volcanic areas of Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei were the focus of early volcanology and still represent a natural laboratory for the development of volcanological studies. We will visit the classical sites of Pompei (archeological excavations) and Herculaneum, the crater of Vesuvius, the Vesuvius Observatory ( the oldest observatory in the world) and the Campi Flegrei area. Catastrophic explosive eruptions of Vesuvius and bradyseismic movements in Campi Flegrei drew the attention of many researchers, including William Hamilton and Charles Lyell. The effects of these events are recorded in the stratigraphy, easily recognized in the archeological sites and widely discussed in classical literature. Selected stratigraphic sections describe the volcanological history of the area and the effects of the explosive events on human settlements.

P68

THE LATE TRIASSIC-EARLY JURASSIC OF THE LOMBARDY BASIN: STRATIGRAPHY, PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALAEONTOLOGY

F. Jadoul, M.T. Galli, F. Berra, S. Birilli, P. Ronchi & A. Paganoni

The aim of this field trip will be to illustrate the stratigraphical, sedimentological and paleontological setting of the Norian to Hettangian succession of the Lombardy Basin (Western Southern Alps), one of the best preserved successions of the Western Tethys Domain. It will be possible to observe the lateral transition among the different facies of the Norian carbonate depositional system (passage from inner platform, to the peculiar margin facies of the Dolomia Principale, rich in serpulids and microbialites, to the slope and the basinal facies, locally yielding rich vertebrate fauna consisting of fish and both marine and terrestrial reptiles). In the late Norian-Hettangian the former depositional system evolves in a mixed ramp system (with an important input of shales) organized in shallowing upward asymmetric cycles. Particular attention will be paid to the well-exposed Triassic-Jurassic boundary (high resolution palinostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy and facies analysis) where biostratigraphical and sedimentological evidence indicates an important paleogeographic climate change before the development of the Hettangian bahamian type platform. During the field trip, a stop will be made at the E. Caffi Natural History Museum (Bergamo), where fossils from the succession visited are exhibited, together with a rich collection of fossils from the entire Lombardy Basin. It will also be possible (optional excursion) to visit the “Natural Park of Rock Art” in Val Camonica (archeological Unesco site, with unique rock art dating back to the Copper age, carved on rock abraded by the passage of the Pleistocene Camuno Glacier).

P69

EUROPEAN SUBCONTINENTAL MANTLE AS REVEALED BY NEOGENE VOLCANIC ROCKS AND MANTLE XENOLITHS OF SARDINIA

M. Lustrino, P. Brotzu, L. Franciosi, R. Lonis, L. Melluso & V. Morra

During the Neogene to late Pleistocene, the island of Sardinia was subjected to two different volcanic cycles. The first, dated Oligocene-Miocene produced a huge amount of tholeiitic to calcalkaline volcanic and pyroclastic rocks. After a magmatic quiescence of about 10 Ma a new volcanic cycle (Plio-Pleistocene in age) developed on the island with the formation of products with within-plate geochemical features. The products of these two volcanic cycles belong to the socalled Cenozoic European Volcanic Province (CEVP) and show some of the most extreme geochemical features ever recorded among these products. Mantle xenoliths are often associated to the Plio-Pleistocene alkaline lavas. Their composition range from lherzolite to harzburgite, dunite and pyroxenite. The field trip aims to: 1) show evidence of the temporal change between orogenic (s.l.) and anorogenic (s.l.) volcanic activities, often recorded in other volcanic regions of the Mediterranean area (Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Spain, France, Pannonian Basin, and so on), thus providing a stimulus for other European scientists; 2) discuss the composition of the lithospheric mantle as revealed by the composition of the mantle xenoliths and the geochemistry of the host lavas, visiting the most interesting type-localities; 3) highlight the various styles of eruption (ignimbrite, lava domes, basaltic plateaux, volcanic necks, pillow lavas, and so on).

P70

A CRUSTAL SECTION THROUGH INTRUSIVE AND EFFUSIVE VOLCANIC COMPLEXES OF THE TUSCAN MAGMATIC PROVINCE (CENTRAL ITALY)

G. Poli, D. Perugini, S. Rocchi & A. Dini

The Tuscan Magmatic Province is an outstanding natural laboratory for understanding geological and structural features related to the emplacement of plutonic and volcanic complexes, and to study dynamical and geochemical mechanisms acting during magma interaction. The aim of this field trip will be to provide a crustal section through the Miocene-Pliocene intrusive complexes and the Pliocene-Pleistocene volcanic rocks of the Tuscan Magmatic Province. It will focus on magmatic structures in granitic rocks and the origin of pluton zonation, magma emplacement in the shallow crust, enclaves and magma mixing/mingling in granitoid and volcanic rocks, compositional diversity of magmatism versus source rocks, crustal melting and the origin of silicic melts. The variability of mantle- and crust-derived magmas coexisting in space and time in the Tuscan Magmatic Province will provide the basis for searching discussions about possible end-members involved in the interaction processes, also in relationship with the geodynamic style of the region from Miocene to Recent. The field trip will start with an excursion to the monzogranites of Monte Capanne (Island of Elba), continuing with granitoid masses constituting the Islands of Montecristo and Giglio, and then focusing the last part of the field trip on volcanic rocks cropping out in the area of San Vincenzo and Roccastrada. The Tuscan Magmatic Province is linked with the genesis of ore deposits, that have been exploited for three millennia, and contributed to developing civilization in this part of the Mediterranean Sea during Etruscan times.

P71

GEOLOGICAL SETTING OF ALBANIAN OPHIOLITIC BELT (ALBANIA)

S. Meco & A. Sinojmeri

The subject of this field trip will be the new knowledge of the petrology and related metalogenesis of Albanian ophiolites and contact zones. Albanian ophiolites represent the outcrop of one of the most complete sections of an ophiolitic complex.The geographic area is the eastern part of Albania (western Balkan Peninsula). This field trip will also be of historical interest from the Middle Ages up to the present. Main goals: Ophiolites geology, petrology and metalogenesis; secondary goals: historical and cultural interest.

PR01

A GEOLOGICAL TRANSECT FROM THE INDIAN PLATE TO THE EAST HINDU KUSH, PAKISTAN

M. Gaetani, J.P. Burg, A. Zanchi & Q.M. Jan

This field trip will cover a complete transect through the ranges of Central Asia, from the Indian Plate to the Eastern Hindu Kush. First, participants will examine the oceanic arc of Kohistan, perhaps the best exposed on our planet, tilted and deformed by the collision with the Indian Plate after the closure of the Neo-Tethys. Later, the Nanga Parbat Spur deeply indenting the Kohistan and Ladakh arcs, the back-arc Kohistan and the suture with the Karakorum terranes will be examined. Finally, the Karakorum Range which is composed of several blocks, will be crossed. A southern part affected by medium to low-grade metamorphism preserves a graben with Paleozoic and Mesozoic metasediments in the west. In the core of the range, a large complex of batholiths, mostly granodioritic, had intruded it from the mid-Cretaceous to the Eocene. The northern part of the range consists of several thrust sheets. A couple of thrust sheets preserve the pre-Ordovician crystalline basement and the sedimentary successions extend from the Ordovician to the Cretaceous. The contact with the Eastern Hindu Kush will also be exposed.

PW01

LOW-ANGLE NORMAL FAULTING TWENTY YEARS AFTER

F. Brozzetti, R. E. Holdsworth & L. Jolivet

The aim will be to discuss LANFs, with emphasis on their geometry, mechanics and seismogenic role, 20 years after the 1984 GSA meeting (Nevada) on this topic. The workshop will be a 6-day excursion from Elba and Corsica islands to Western Umbria. Participants will be invited to present data and ideas on LANFs and will have the opportunity to visit and discuss well-exposed late Miocene to Quaternary LANFs. This workshop will start and end in Florence.

PW06

GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL HAZARDS OF MAJOR NATURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS

I. Bruchev, G. Frangov, N. Dobrev & A. Lakov

This field workshop will illustrate important sites on the World Heritage List of UNESCO (the Thracian Tomb at Sveshtari – 5th century BC; Madara Horseman relief 7th century; Ivanovo rock church – 12 th – 14 th century). Attention will be paid to natural (seismicity, erosion, landslides and rockfalls) and human-induced hazards, which endanger important natural and archeological monuments. This workshop will start and end in Varna.

Sede :

Centro di GeoTecnologie dell'Università di Siena

Laurea in Geotecnologie

Laurea Specialistica in Geologia Applicata

Master in Sistemi Informativi Territoriali e Telerilevamento

Master in Geotecnologie Ambientali

Master in Geotecnologie per l'Archeologia

Summer School

Corsi di Perfezionamento e Aggiornamento Professionale

Giornate di Studio e Incontri Tecnici

Progetto e-Geo: cartografia geologica online

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